Outline is Representative of Size and Shape:
Name Details:
Identified By: George C. Frison, M. Wilson and D. J. Wilson
Named For: Type Site
Date Identified: 1976
Type Site: Hawken Site, Crook County, Wyoming
Identified By: George C. Frison, M. Wilson and D. J. Wilson
Named For: Type Site
Date Identified: 1976
Type Site: Hawken Site, Crook County, Wyoming
Point Validity:
Valid type
Fraison is a prominent anthropologist who has severed as Head for the Department of Anthropology at the University of Wyoming, served on the Board of Regents for the Smithsonian Institute, and President for the Society for American Archaeology. Fraison is an expert on the Paleo cultural period and has received the Palaeontologists of the Century award. This type was named in a professional publication and has many professional references. This is considered a valid type.
Fraison is a prominent anthropologist who has severed as Head for the Department of Anthropology at the University of Wyoming, served on the Board of Regents for the Smithsonian Institute, and President for the Society for American Archaeology. Fraison is an expert on the Paleo cultural period and has received the Palaeontologists of the Century award. This type was named in a professional publication and has many professional references. This is considered a valid type.
Hawken Notched
Cluster: Description of Physical Characteristics and Flaking Pattern:
This is a medium triangular to lanceolate expanding stem point with an elliptical cross section. The blade is excurvate with the tip curving in. The blade may vary from having a triangular form to having a lanceolate form in which the edges become almost parallel and may slightly curve in towards the shoulders. Wide shallow parallel notches form shoulders that are at an upward angle and an expanding stem. The base is primarily straight, but may vary from slightly concave to slightly convex. The flaking pattern may range from oblique, horizontal, or random.
Size Measurements:
Total Length - 35 to 63 mm (average 40 to 50 mm), Stem Length (to shoulder blade junction) - 10 to 18 mm, Blade Width - 16 to 25 mm, Neck Width - 11 to 21 mm, Notch Depth - 2 to 5 mm
Total Length - 35 to 63 mm (average 40 to 50 mm), Stem Length (to shoulder blade junction) - 10 to 18 mm, Blade Width - 16 to 25 mm, Neck Width - 11 to 21 mm, Notch Depth - 2 to 5 mm
Commonly Utilized Material:
Additional Comments:
These points are considered the oldest notched form of point associated with Bison kill sites found in the Northwestern plains of the United States and Canada. At the Hawken site, the number of points compared to the number of animals killed suggest that these sites are Bison traps and that the killing of the animals were done by hunters unlike many earlier bison kill sites were jump sites requiring very little killing by the hunters (Kornfeld, Frison, Larson, 2016).
It has been suggested that these points represent the Terminal Paleo period points rather than a truly Early Archaic period point. These points may represent change in hafting techniques and be Fredrick or Lusk type points with shallow side notches. However, it is noted that these points are similar to the Simonsen and Logan Creek points which are Early Archaic points that are also found at Bison Kill sites. (Kornfeld, Frison, Larson, 2016).
These points are considered the oldest notched form of point associated with Bison kill sites found in the Northwestern plains of the United States and Canada. At the Hawken site, the number of points compared to the number of animals killed suggest that these sites are Bison traps and that the killing of the animals were done by hunters unlike many earlier bison kill sites were jump sites requiring very little killing by the hunters (Kornfeld, Frison, Larson, 2016).
It has been suggested that these points represent the Terminal Paleo period points rather than a truly Early Archaic period point. These points may represent change in hafting techniques and be Fredrick or Lusk type points with shallow side notches. However, it is noted that these points are similar to the Simonsen and Logan Creek points which are Early Archaic points that are also found at Bison Kill sites. (Kornfeld, Frison, Larson, 2016).
Distribution:
Distribution Comments:
This point are primarily found in the high plains regions of the United States and Canada and are commonly associated with Bison Trap sites.
This point are primarily found in the high plains regions of the United States and Canada and are commonly associated with Bison Trap sites.
Age / Periods:
Date: 8,500 - 7,000 B.P.
Cultural Period: Early Archaic
Glacial Period: Early to Middle Holocene
Culture:
Date: 8,500 - 7,000 B.P.
Cultural Period: Early Archaic
Glacial Period: Early to Middle Holocene
Culture:
Age Details:
